The presence of a stove in any car is a must, especially if we are talking about vehicles used on the territory of countries former USSR. If in the heat the performance of the heating system is not so important, then with the advent of cold weather it is almost impossible to use a car without a stove. What functions does the radiator perform in the heater system, what malfunctions are typical for the stove and how to fix them - you will find the answers in this article.
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Features of the stove device
Depending on the model vehicle, the design of the heating system may be different.
A typical stove, in general, has a relatively simple device:
- a radiator device that is connected to the cooling system;
- stove fan designed to blow the radiator unit;
- fan resistor;
- stove pump;
- systems of branch pipes and blowers, which are used to supply heated air flow to the car interior;
- heater tap;
- a heating system motor that performs the function of starting the unit;
- heater control unit located on the center console of the car in the passenger compartment and designed to control the adjustment of operating modes.
Almost all elements of the system, including the electric crane and the stove engine, are usually located under center console vehicle interior. In some cars, part of the component nodes is located in the engine compartment.
Principle of operation
Two pipes are connected to the radiator device, through which it enters consumable- antifreeze. The substance circulates through heating systems, as well as cooling the motor using a pumping device. After the engine has warmed up to operating temperature, heat exchange occurs - the refrigerant cools power unit, taking away heat from it, after which the hot coolant enters the radiator assembly.
The latter is heated according to the principle of heating a conventional household battery, after which the ventilating device transmits a cold air flow through it. As a result, heat exchange is carried out again - the radiator assembly transfers heat to the air flow, which, in turn, cools the device (the author of the video is Oleg Krasnoshchekov).
As a result, the warm air flow enters the car interior, and the cooled refrigerant enters the power unit again and cools it down. This version of the heating system is considered one of the most common, as well as effective. So that during the cold season car showroom properly warmed up, the air flow should come out of the heater with a temperature of about 30 degrees. The power of the stove, as well as the direction of the air - to the feet, to the face, to the windshield and side windows- the driver can adjust using the control module located on the dashboard. If you don't blow the air on windshield, it will begin to fog up, while dirt from the outside may enter the interior.
The stove itself is an additional radiator unit. In the event that the engine of the machine is not warmed up to the required temperature, then when the heater is activated, additional cooling will be carried out. As a result, this will lead to the formation of corrosive processes on the body of the radiator mechanism, and the power unit will have to warm up longer. In addition, the humidity of the air will also increase, which will lead to fogging of the glasses. That's why heating system should turn on only when the engine warms up to at least 50 degrees, and better - to operating temperature, that is, up to about 90 degrees (the author of the video is the Auto Electrician VCh channel).
Possible malfunctions
To diagnose the heater, you just need to turn on the unit and evaluate whether it works efficiently or not. If the efficiency of work is reduced or traces of coolant smudges appear in the car interior, then the unit needs more thorough diagnostics and repair.
What malfunctions are typical for the heater:
- Failure of the control module located on the dashboard. Might have happened mechanical damage control elements, as a result of which the heater cannot operate in different modes.
- The heater core has failed. In the event of a breakdown, this assembly, as a rule, begins to flow, which contributes to the formation of puddles in the passenger compartment, under the front mats (usually under the passenger one).
- Leaking electrical or mechanical heater tap. This failure also contributes to the leakage working fluid, the problem is solved by replacing the part.
- Failure of the electric motor. If the motor breaks for some reason, then, as you can understand, the operation of the device will be impossible. As a rule, the electric motor cannot be repaired, so it must be replaced as an assembly.
- Failure of the temperature controller, which is usually located in the cabin. This sensor is required for automatic activation of the heating device.
- Another reason why the unit will not work efficiently is a coolant leak. If the leak is not related to a broken radiator or faucet, then most likely the cause is worn hoses. Worn fittings should be replaced before adding antifreeze.
Photo gallery "Main malfunctions"
Features of operation and repair of the stove
Since the main element of any heating unit is an electric motor, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the process of replacing it using the example of a VAZ 2110 car.
How to change the electric motor with your own hands:
- First of all, it follows, then dismantle the jabot.
- The jabot itself should be pushed aside, and then, using a Phillips screwdriver, unscrew the three screws.
- By doing this, you can disconnect the wires from the existing electric motor.
- Now you just have to extract from seat old gearmotor and replace it with a new device. Further assembly is carried out in the reverse order.
As for the main features of operation, in order to prevent breakdowns in the operation of the heater, we recommend that you follow the following rules:
- If your vehicle is equipped with air conditioning, it is best to turn it on wet weather, since the conder allows you to remove moisture from the passenger compartment.
- Never block the blowers that supply air to the passenger compartment, in particular the nozzles located at the bottom and used to blow the legs.
- In the cold season, vehicle windows must be thoroughly cleaned from moisture and dirt.
- In addition, during the period of frost, experts recommend using two positions for adjusting the stove. If you need to quickly dry the windshield, then the glass blowing is turned on specifically. And when you start moving, it is best to activate the leg blowing mode.
The interior heater is one of the most important devices in the car during the cold season. The comfort of travel directly depends on it, and even the most severe motorists fix malfunctions of the “stove” in the first place. How does this device work?
There are two types of interior heaters: those powered by the engine cooling system and those operating by burning fuel in a separate device. Gasoline stoves are completely outdated and are no longer used as the main heater. However, they did not disappear completely, but formed the basis autonomous heaters which are widely used in freight transport.
Salons cars are heated exclusively by the engine cooling system. General principle The operation of such a heater is simple: the coolant takes heat from the engine and, passing through the “stove” radiator, gives it to the passenger compartment. Consider a typical heater in detail.
heater radiator
A radiator is installed inside any car heater. This is a real radiator, very similar to the one installed between the headlights, only small. It also has cooling channels and fins and hot antifreeze or antifreeze circulates through it. The heater radiator is installed in a housing made of heat-resistant plastic.
The flow of hot coolant from the engine passing through the radiator can be regulated by a tap, as was done, for example, on the VAZ classic. The tap regulated the flow, in much the same way as it happens in a conventional home mixer, and, due to this, the air temperature in the cabin was regulated. This is an extremely slow and very inaccurate method. Therefore, in modern heaters there are no taps on the radiator and the coolant circulates inside it constantly.
The temperature of the air from the stove is controlled by an air damper.
air damper
If only a hot radiator was included in the car "stove", there would be little sense from it. Yes, hot air rises, but, in the case of a car, this is clearly not enough. For example, defrosting the windshield would have to wait several hours. To speed up the heating of the passenger compartment, it is necessary that additional air pass through the heater radiator and preferably under pressure.
This air is taken from two places: from the street or from the cabin. Read about air intake from the passenger compartment below in the Air recirculation section, and here we will consider how street air gets into the heater.
In order for air from the street to enter the heater, a special air intake is provided, which in most cars is located in the “wipers” area. Through this channel, air enters the heater housing and ... Then there are two "extreme" options: air either goes through a hot radiator, or bypasses it. It is also possible to mix these options in any proportions. What does it mean?
In front of the radiator, in the air channel, a damper is installed, the position of which determines how much air will go through the radiator, and how much will bypass it. It is due to the position of this damper that the temperature of the air from the stove in modern heaters is regulated. That is, the temperature is determined not by the amount of hot liquid in the radiator, but by the amount of air heated from the passage through the radiator.
Air recirculation
The intake of air from the cabin is called recirculation. This feature is available for all modern cars, but not available on many older Russian models, but in vain. Recirculation is essential when driving through dusty or smoky areas, and also helps to warm up the interior faster.
The meaning of recirculation is that the heater does not take air from the street, but from the cabin through a special, additional channel. An additional damper is installed between the channels, depending on the position of which one of the channels is closed. Thus, when the street channel is blocked, already heated cabin air enters the heater, which helps to create comfortable conditions for people faster.
The recirculation mode is turned on on the dashboard with a button or a slider. In the first case, a rather tricky system works, which includes an electric valve and a vacuum actuator that moves the damper. In the second, everything is simpler - the slider moves the lever and moves the recirculation damper through the flexible rod.
If at fast driving street air can enter the heater “by inertia”, then when standing, for example, in a traffic jam, this will not happen. It will not get into the “stove” by itself and the air from the passenger compartment with recirculation turned on. For forced air intake and more efficient heating of the passenger compartment, there is a fan in the heater design.
heater fan
heater fans in Russian cars There are two types: with a real propeller (VAZ "classic") and a turbine type. "Propeller" fans have long since become a thing of the past, as weak and unreliable (Read:) and have given way to powerful turbine ones.
A turbine fan is a special wheel with blades of a certain shape, mounted on an electric motor shaft. Rotating, this wheel creates a powerful stream of air going in one direction. In the case of a car heater, this direction is towards the radiator.
The heater fans have several rotation speeds, which are selected by the driver on the “stove” control panel. In the simplest case, the fan speeds are switched by a rotary switch, at least four positions (“off” and three rotational speeds). Although there are quite primitive options with a three-position button without backlight and any amenities.
Fan speeds are generated by resistors. The switch on the dashboard supplies current to the fan motor in such a way that at any speed, except for the maximum, the motor is connected through the appropriate resistor. These simple devices reduce the current passing through them, and the motor shaft rotates more slowly. At the last, maximum, speed, the fan is connected directly (bypassing the resistor block) and, accordingly, rotates and blows at full strength.
Air ducts and air distribution system
Junction box and air ducts of the heater VAZ-2110 In order for the air from the heater to effectively enter the windshield, front door windows, into the area of \u200b\u200bthe legs of the driver and passengers, and even heat the rest of the passenger compartment, it is necessary to bring air as close as possible to these “targets” and evenly distribute it. This is done through an advanced air duct system hidden under the torpedo.
Air ducts are solid or prefabricated plastic pipes that are assembled in single system. Air that has passed through or bypasses the hot radiator exits this system and further movement determined by a distribution damper or several dampers.
The control of these dampers is located on the dashboard in the form of a rotary switch (or ancient sliders with levers). The dampers can be mechanical (with the help of flexible rods), vacuum (when the dampers are moved by vacuum actuators operating from vacuum during intake manifold engine) or electric drive(using electric motors).
Depending on which mode the driver selects, the flaps take on such a position that the air from the heater goes, for example, only to the windshield or to the windshield and to the legs, or in some other combination.
Air ducts end with deflectors. These are the same grilles on the dashboard, from where the air blows. Modern deflectors are quite complex and interesting devices. As a rule, each such “lattice” has a whole range of functions: you can change the direction of the air horizontally and vertically, the force of the air pressure, or even completely block the air path by “turning off” the deflector! All this is done with wheels / levers from below or on the sides of the deflector. Accordingly, the direction of the air changes due to the rotary vanes and the change in the position of the deflector itself, and its “turning off” - by closing an individual small damper, which tightly blocks the path of air from the heater to the outlet of the corresponding deflector.
All this together gives the widest possibilities to create a comfortable microclimate in the cabin.
Climate control and other features
This article discusses the simplest "basic" automobile "stove". This principle is the basis of any heater, however, it can be added and complicated by the introduction additional devices such as an air conditioner.
In this case, the “stove” is capable of not only heating, but also effectively cooling the interior. And the addition of an electronic component allows you to implement the climate control function. In general terms, climate control is implemented by sensors that determine the temperature in the cabin and send appropriate signals to the electronic unit. Depending on these signals, the unit controls the same shutters itself, using electric drives. And he does it in such a way as to constantly maintain the temperature set by the driver. That is, it is enough for a person to choose the temperature and the blowing mode, and the car will do the rest.
There are more complex systems, for example, dividing the interior into several different climatic zones (two-, and even three-zone climate control). Sensors are able to take into account not only the temperature in the cabin, but even the influence of sunlight on this temperature ...
However, the principles described here are repeated in the design of any car heaters no matter how "fancy" they are.
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Good day, dear blog readers Today I will tell you about how the stove works in a car. It warms us in the fierce winter, and practically does not work in the summer.
The first heated salons appeared back in 1917, when the car cabin was heated with exhaust gases.
How is the heating of a modern car?
Heating system of a modern car.
Modern cars heat the cabin with engine coolant. To do this, a radiator is installed behind the front panel, two pipes go to it for the circulation of antifreeze in the radiator itself. When you scroll the stove switch to the red zone, its faucet opens and the antifreeze is poured into the radiator, depending on what position you are in (hot or in the middle). Then the fan turns on cold air from the engine compartment through the radiator, cools it, and already warm air. Such a system has become classical system interior heating and is the most efficient today. In order to warm up the interior in winter, it is necessary that about 30-40 degrees are obtained at the exit from the stove. This temperature will quickly warm up the interior, help from fogging the windows. By switching the airflow positions, the curtains direct the air flow in a given direction. The system can operate in the range from 40 degrees to 130, due to high pressure in the cooling system, which increases the boiling point of antifreeze. The stove on the car should be turned on when the temperature of the coolant (coolant) has reached at least 50 degrees. Because the stove is an additional radiator, then when it is turned on on an unheated car, it causes additional cooling of the system, which leads to the formation of rust on the walls of the radiator and a longer engine warm-up time. Also in cold weather, when the stove is on (when the engine is cold), the humidity of the air increases and the windows sweat.
On modern cars cabin filter air. Air from the engine compartment enters the stove, if it is turned off, then it enters the cabin through it, which ensures cleanliness in the cabin. It is advisable to change it once a year, but if you have a dusty city, then 2 times a year.
This is what a radiator with a stove fan looks like (it looks different for each brand, but the principle is the same)
It happens that the faucet is jammed and the stove starts to heat up badly, antifreeze flows, in this case it is necessary to change the faucet and eliminate the cause of the leak. It can also happen due to scale from Bad quality coolant. Therefore, do not save on coolant, buy proven fluids for your car.
There is a myth that the stove, like the air conditioner, increases. I want to say that this is just a myth. The maximum that can cause an increase in consumption is a fan, which will put a load on the generator, and that in due time on. The overspending of gasoline is very, very scanty, because. The fan consumes very little current.
Always keep an eye on your car and it won't let you down in the cold winter.
See you soon!
The desire for comfort is a natural human desire. Drivers in this case are no exception. After all, in winter cold car you won’t go far, and some car models do not warm up to a sufficient temperature in the cold season with the help of only a regular heater. In this case, help additional stove into the car interior.
You can install it without the help of car service employees. The main thing is to choose a quality device from a trusted manufacturer. In some cases, it will be necessary to add antifreeze to the system to fill the new heater.
During storage of the car in open parking lots, the metal body of the car cools down quickly. Glass from the inside is covered with a thin layer of condensate, which later turns into an ice crust. For several hours of parking, almost all parts, including all rows of seats, receive the ambient temperature.
Heating control from the passenger compartment
In the morning the driver tries to quickly lead cold car to normal temperature, but for such a stressful state of the machine, one stove will not be enough. Even if you start driving on a poorly warmed car, then to exit it into a normal temperature regime, you can wait more than one hour.
If from the very beginning all the heat is taken from a cold car to heat the passenger compartment, then there will not be enough heat for the engine to enter the normal temperature regime, which means that power plant there will be less and less heat for the cabin and you can’t do without an additional stove.
A frozen driver performs inefficient driving. He is under stress and at the same time may lose attention and control of the road. This can lead to emergency situations.
Types of additional heaters
The driver can choose the most suitable option from several types of heaters. They differ both in the method of installation, energy consumption, and in cost and appearance.
Electrical devices
The simplest type of additional heating. It is included in the car's cigarette lighter and is most often mounted on the front panel. For a small cost, young motorists love it. More experienced drivers they try to use it less often, and only as a hair dryer for heating glasses.
Electric heater
Positive properties:
- low cost of the device;
- simple installation that does not require the involvement of third-party specialists from the station;
- power comes from a battery or generator, without wasting fuel;
- immediately after switching on it is ready for work;
- has neutral colors and discreet shapes, which makes it easy to fit into salons of any color;
- available at almost any auto shop.
Negative Properties:
- there are a large number of low-quality cheap fakes that can be dangerous during operation;
- in high modes consumes a lot of electricity, and when long-term operation from the battery can quickly discharge it;
- negatively affects the wiring, so it is recommended to connect it directly with more powerful wires.
Autonomous heaters
Most often, such an additional stove in the cabin with your own hands is installed on minivans, minibuses, vans or trucks. It is powered by fuel. The stove is equipped with an independent combustion chamber and exhaust pipe. Because of this, it is mounted outside the cabin in the engine compartment. The operation of the device does not depend on the motor and is therefore called autonomous.
Autonomous additional heater
Positive properties:
- the performance of the unit does not depend on the degree of heating of the power plant;
- it is possible to adjust from the cabin;
- does not change the interior of the car;
- ready to work immediately after launch;
- high output power.
Negative Properties:
- more complex installation is required than when installing an electric heater;
- additional fuel consumption occurs during heater operation;
- the cost is higher than that of an electric heater;
- there is additional noise from the operation of the device.
Additional heatsink
Many put another radiator in the rear of the cabin. It is connected as serial device in the cooling circuit with regular stove. To do this, they run tubes through the cabin, and then they attach a radiator with a fan.
Additional heatsink
Positive properties:
- the principle of operation is the same as that of a regular heating device;
- sufficient warming up after the motor reaches its operating temperature;
- you can buy an additional radiator for your brand of car at any car shop;
- its cost is lower than that of an autonomous heater.
Negative Properties:
- competent installation and additional materials, work (tubes, soldering, tube insulation) are required;
- its operation depends on the engine warming up;
- you will need to break the upholstery to hide the wiring;
- the desired effect of the installation is not always obtained;
- additional filling of antifreeze in the cooling system is required.
Independent production of an additional car oven
Those who do not want or cannot purchase a “factory” heater for the cabin can be recommended to make the device themselves. To do this, you will need an old power supply from a computer, a couple of strips of ceramic tiles, powerful wiring, nichrome springs for the heater.
Step 1. Choose a working power supply 
Step 2. Freeing the body 
Step 3. We mount the heating elements 
Step 4. We assemble the structure 
Step 5. We test the device and mount it in the salon
Such a device perfectly warms up the interior small car such as Hyundai or Daewoo. The main thing is not to overdo it with the rated power, because it is powered by a battery or generator.
Additional heating factors
Before installing a second heater in the passenger compartment, it is necessary to insulate the car. Since with any number of heaters, they will all be useless if the bulk of the warm air simply leaves through cracks or weak spots.
All rubber bands must provide sealing inside the car. If some of them have lost elasticity, then you need to urgent replacement. For quality heating winter period you need to remove the cold air intake. You can simply disconnect the cable from the control levers for the winter. In winter, it is better to open the stove tap to the maximum position.
In Russia, cars are purchased by different people - different in status or average income. The offered cars are different in terms of comfort and equipment. But the Russian winter is one for everyone. And it can often be quite cold for motorists in the cold season in a cozy place. Even a standard stove turned on to the maximum does not always cope with creating a comfortable temperature. An additional interior heater will help solve this problem.
What tasks does it perform?
Not every car is stored in a closed and heated garage. More often, the car just stands either on open parking or in the owner's yard. It's no secret that the metal body cools down quickly. The glass inside is covered with condensation, which then turns into an ice crust. All interior parts in a car that has stood on the street for at least a couple of hours, including seats, acquire a temperature that is also fixed outside.
In the morning, the owners try to create a comfortable temperature in the cabin.
However, one heater after an overnight stay is clearly not enough for this. Even if you start driving in a cold car, it will take more than one hour until the cabin becomes warm.
If from the very beginning all the heat is taken away for heating the air in the cabin, then there is simply not enough heat to warm up the engine, which means that the cabin will not be able to warm up normally and quickly. In this situation, only an additional stove will help.
When the driver is cold, there can be no question of any effective control of the car. It has been proven that when a person is cold, he experiences severe stress and can lose control and attention. That's why additional heating devices are needed.
Types of additional heating
Today, for motorists, several types of this equipment are offered. All these options differ in the type of installation, the amount of energy required, device and cost.
The most widely used devices are liquid and air type.
Also, heaters are divided into and powered by an engine or electricity.
Additional electric heater of car interior
This is probably the simplest group among all such devices. These devices are connected to the cigarette lighter socket, and this element is installed more often on the front panel. Behind affordable price young drivers fell in love with such units. More experienced try to use these devices in rare cases - as a hair dryer to warm the windows.
Among the advantages, one can single out affordable cost for everyone and ease of installation. Installation does not require the involvement of specialists. This equipment is powered either by a battery or by a generator. The device can be used immediately after switching on. discreet form, neutral appearance and the same neutral colors will allow it to fit into any salons.
Among the shortcomings, there are a large number counterfeit products on the market - a suspiciously cheap additional interior heater can be simply dangerous. If you use it on full power, you can quickly discharge the battery - it is not recommended to use the device if the engine is not running.
Also, this group of equipment can negatively affect the wiring in the car. In addition, many argue that the electrical additional heating does not have a high heat transfer.
Electric heater device
There is nothing special about the design. According to the device, these products resemble an ordinary hair dryer. The temperature of the heating element increases (more often this is also blown into the passenger compartment by means of a fan. Often they have two operating modes - heating and ventilation.
Motorists are advised to purchase enough powerful device- most of what is provided on the market has power from Many people buy such heaters, but they are not very efficient. They are able to warm up in the cold or one leg, or a small area of the windshield.
It is best to install such a car interior heater under the seats, and connect it not to the cigarette lighter, since you can burn the fuse, but directly to the battery - it’s more reliable. However, it is still not worth buying these hair dryers.
Electric heater with ceramic heater
These devices plug into the cigarette lighter socket. Among the advantages - simple installation, efficiency. This auxiliary interior heater does not burn oxygen during operation. Connecting and using is very easy.
Autonomous heating
In most cases, these stoves are installed on minivans, minibuses, caravans or trucks. The heater is powered by fuel. The system has a separate independent combustion chamber and a pipe for exhaust gases.
Installation of an additional interior heater is only possible in engine compartment. The device functions independently of the engine, which is why it is called autonomous.
Serdi positive characteristics it is possible to single out independence from engine heating, the possibility of adjusting their interior, the absence extra details in the interior, ready for work immediately after launch. And unlike hair dryers, the equipment is quite efficient, gives off heat well and has high power.
But without cons, nowhere - installation is much more complicated compared to installing a hair dryer. If you want heat in the cabin, you will have to pay a little more for gasoline - the device increases consumption. The cost of ownership is higher than that of a hair dryer. Well, in addition, during operation, this additional heater of the car interior is very noisy.
As for the device, it is a metal cylinder that houses the combustion chamber and electronics.
The latter controls the process. The system connects to fuel pump, equipped with combined and temperature control unit,
Additional heatsink
Among the huge number of available devices for interior heating, these devices are also distinguished.
Many drivers have tested and declare the high efficiency of this heater. This car interior heater is connected in regular system cooling together with a regular stove. Pipes are carried inside and then the radiator and fan are fixed.
Among the advantages, one can single out an understandable principle of operation, effective heating after the engine reaches operating temperatures. The equipment is available in any car dealership, and the cost is lower than for stand-alone devices.
Such an additional car interior heater also has disadvantages.
The main disadvantage is the complexity of installation. The work depends on the temperature of the engine; for greater efficiency, it will be necessary to add working fluid to the cooling system.
Installation
The first step is to remove the torpedo, the second task is to get to the stove. Then the hoses and everything else is disconnected from the main system. An additional radiator can be connected in series.
A second pump is also required. Its task is to increase the circulation of coolant through the contours of the stove and thereby increase heat transfer. The pump is placed between the faucet and the stove radiator. The pump button should be set to dashboard. Also, don't forget the fuse.
Whichever additional vehicle interior heater is chosen, it is necessary to carry out preparation before installation. If the car is not insulated enough, most of the heat will simply escape through the cracks.
